General Physical Activity Level Research Articles

General Health Status and Physical Activity Level of Pregnant Women in Bojnord, Iran During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and Aims Major changes to lifestyle due to the COVID-19 pandemic increased the potential risk of psychological disorders among pregnant women. This study aims to investigate the general health status of pregnant women in Bojnord, Iran, and assess its relationship with their physical activity level. Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consists of all pregnant women referred to prenatal care centers in Bojnord city, of whom 55 were selected as the study samples. The instruments were the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire and the 28-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between the two variables. Results The mean scores for the GHQ-28 subscales of somatic symptoms, severe depression, social dysfunction, and anxiety/insomnia were 11.90, 11.91, 12.97, and 16.49, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between general health status and level of physical activity (r=0.54; P<0.001). Regarding the four dimensions of GHQ-28, the results showed that physical activity had a negative and significant relationship with somatic symptoms (r=-0.61) and severe depression (r=-0.33), but it had no significant relationship with anxiety/insomnia and social dysfunction. Conclusion Pregnant women in Bojnord, Iran, are at risk of problems in several domains of general health during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended that they stay active or engage in physical activity to regulate the psychological effects of the pandemic and quarantine.

Symptom Duration, Recurrence, and Long-Term Effects of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema: A 30-Month Follow-Up Study

Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) has been reported to subside within 24 to 48 h, but comprehensive follow-up studies on symptom duration and long-term effects are missing. What are the symptom duration, recurrence, and long-term effects of SIPE? A follow-up study was conducted, based on 165 cases of SIPE from Sweden's largest open-water swimming event with 26,125 individuals participating during 2017-2019. Data on patient characteristics, clinical findings, and symptoms were collected at admission. Telephone interviews at 10days and 30months were performed to explore symptom duration, recurrence of SIPE symptoms, need for medical evaluation, and long-term effects of self-assessed general health and physical activity level. Follow-up at 10days was performed for 132 cases and at 30months for 152 cases. Most of the patients were women, and their mean age was 48 years. At the 10-day follow-up, symptom duration > 2days after the swimming race was reported by 38%. The most common symptoms were dyspnea and cough. In patients at 30-month follow-up, recurrence of respiratory symptoms during open-water swimming was reported by 28%. In multivariable logistic regression, asthma was independently associated with both symptom duration > 2days and recurrence of SIPE symptoms (P= .045 and P= .022, respectively). Most participants reported equal or improved general health (93%) and physical activity level (85%) after experiencing SIPE, but 58%had not swum in open water since the event. The present large cohort study challenges the established hallmark of SIPE symptom duration< 48 h, whereas SIPE recurrence was in the previously reported range. At 30months, most patients reported unchanged self-assessed general health and physical activity level. These findings add to our understanding of the course of SIPE and can provide evidence-based information to swimmers and health care professionals.

Assessment of Lifestyle, Eating Habits and the Effect of Nutritional Education among Undergraduate Students in Southern Italy

Background: The years spent at university represent a critical period that can influence both the quality of lifestyle and the eating habits of subsequent adulthood, and also, in the long term, the health of the individual. The aim of this study was to investigate the lifestyle of university students living away from home. Methods: Each subject recruited for the study was given a questionnaire to obtain general information, eating habits and physical activity levels before (T0) and after six month of training seminars (T1). Blood pressure, body composition and questionnaire responses were investigated. Results: The main findings of this study are a significant decrement in blood pressure; an increment in physical activity practice; an increased number of subjects who pay attention to the calorific value of food and also an improvement in BIA parameters. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrated the challenges that university students face in leading a healthy lifestyle and caring for their nutritional needs, particularly when they are away from their families. No intervention specifically targets young adults, even though much emphasis is placed on the promotion of a healthy lifestyle based on a varied and balanced diet and sufficient exercise. Our study showed that it is possible to improve lifestyle through educational events aimed at making students aware of the health risks deriving from unhealthy lifestyles.

Nudging digital physical activity breaks for home studying of university students-A randomized controlled trial during the COVID-19 pandemic with daily activity measures.

University students are of particular public health interest because they are at high risk for physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors. In conjunction with the COVID-19 pandemic, sedentariness and physical inactivity were reinforced, as the pandemic led to an increase in home studying. Physical activity (PA) breaks have been identified as promoting factors for university students' physical and mental health. Therefore, the present study explored an approach to nudge students to take PA breaks at home while studying. The purpose was to test the effectiveness of digital nudging for PA breaks for 10 days using a randomized intervention design during the COVID-19 pandemic. It included an intervention group who received daily digital motivational prompts for PA break videos and a minimal intervention control group who got low-level access to PA break videos via a one-time link sent to the media library. Using a sample of university students in the southwest of Germany (n = 57), two-level binary logistic regression models were calculated to predict daily participation in PA breaks during the intervention period depending on the nudging intervention, as well as previous participation in PA breaks, the general PA level of the subjects before the intervention, the time spent on PA and on home studying in a day, the kind of day during the intervention (weekday vs. weekend), and the students' age. Results revealed that the digital nudging intervention did not show any significant effect on the likelihood to participate in PA breaks on a given day (0.69 ≤ β ≤ 0.75, p > 0.3). Instead, an individual-level effect revealed that the longer a student studied at home over the course of a day, the more likely he or she was to take a PA break (1.07 ≤ β ≤ 1.11, p < 0.001). Current findings show that individual characteristics such as daily time spent on home studying, which can change over the course of the intervention phase, are relevant considerations within nudging intervention in university setting. This provides initial insights especially for digital PA breaks for students during home studying.

Effects of Recreational Physical Activity on Abdominal Obesity in Obese South Korean Adults.

This study investigated the effects of general characteristics, health behaviors, and level of physical activity on abdominal obesity in obese adults (BMI (body mass index) ≥ 25 kg/m2) using data from the seventh period (2016-2018) of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We also prepared basic data on the improvement and management of abdominal obesity. The participants were 2343 obese adults (men, 1338; women, 1005) from the KNHANES. Factors relevant to abdominal obesity in obese Korean women were general characteristics (age, marital status, occupation, education, and menopause) and health behaviors (time for recreational physical activities and energy intake). In men, these factors tended to be health behaviors, including time spent on leisure physical activity, and sitting. It was found that over 600 Mets/week of recreational physical activity for both adult men and women reduced the incidence of abdominal obesity after adjusting for general characteristics and health behaviors (odds ratio (95% CI); men 0.69 (0.51-0.92); women, 0.61 (0.40-0.94)). Therefore, to prevent or improve abdominal obesity in obese adults in Korea, it is necessary to consider general characteristics and health behaviors according to sex. In addition, maintaining a physical activity rate of over 600 Mets/week is also recommended.

Under pressure to exercise: a cross-sectional study of characteristics and predictors of compulsive exercise in early adolescents

BackgroundTo investigate the frequency of compulsive exercise among early adolescents, and determine the associated impact of sex, physical activity level, exercise habits, motivational regulation, dieting behaviour and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on compulsive exercise.MethodsCross-sectional design with 8th grade adolescents (n = 572, mean ± SD age 13.9 ± 0.3 yrs). Outcome assessment was compulsive exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test, CET). Total CET score ≥ 15 was defined as clinical CET score. Further assessment included exercise motivation (Behavioural Regulation of Exercise Questionnaire—2), HRQoL (KIDSCREEN 27), accelerometer-assessed physical activity and Andersen test for cardiorespiratory fitness. Exercise obsession was defined as clinical CET score and < 60 min/day with moderate-to-vigorous objectively assessed physical activity.ResultsSmall sex differences were found for CET total score. Seven percent of the adolescents were classified with clinical CET score, and four percent with exercise obsession. Adolescents with clinical CET score had higher body mass index, more weight loss attempts, and lower physical fitness compared to adolescents with non-clinical CET score. Being a boy, higher scores on introjected motivational regulation and HRQOL subscale parent relation and autonomy, use of exercise monitoring tool, and number of weight loss attempt the past 12 months explained 39% of the total CET score variance. Physical activity level did not predict compulsive exercise.ConclusionsCompulsive exercise in early adolescents was predicted by exercise motivation, exercise habit, and dieting, but not physical activity level. This implicates a distinction of obsessive cognitions about physical activity from performed physical activity in adolescents, and that such cognitions must be addressed in future initiatives that aim to improve adolescents’ general physical activity level, health, and wellbeing.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03906851.Plain English summaryAlthough there is a huge concern about adolescents being insufficiently physically active, there are also adolescents who struggle with issues of compulsive exercise. The issues of compulsive exercise have been rarely studied in adolescents. We therefore aimed to describe compulsive exercise and factors that were associated with and could explain presence of compulsive exercise. A total of 572 8th graders (age 13.9 ± 0.3 yrs) responded to this study. We found that the score on compulsive exercise was higher in boys than in girls, and that adolescents with high score on compulsive exercise had higher body mass index, more weight loss attempts, and lower physical fitness compared to adolescents with low score on compulsive exercise. Also, we found that exercise obsessions, i.e., thinking of exercise without actually exercising, was present in four percent of the respondents. Being a boy, attempting weight loss, exercising to avoid shame/guilt, and exercising for the perceived value of exercise predicted compulsive exercise. Awareness of the compulsive exercise and exercise obsessions is important in public health initiatives that aim to increase adolescents’ physical activity level.

THE CULTURAL ADAPTATION, VALIDATION, AND RELIABILITY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE LIFE SPACE ASSESSMENT

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Life Space Assessment (LSA) in older adults. &#x0D; Methods: A hundred fifty-two elderly people with a mean age was 72.81±7.63 years recruited to the study. Following the forward-backward translation procedure, the LSA scores were compared with a number of mobility and general health related variables, including the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to test the concurrent validity. &#x0D; Results: None of the items in the LSA were changed. Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.714 for the initial evaluation. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the test-retest reliability was 0.991 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.986–0.994. It found that the highest consistence was obtained in the equipment scores. All the subscores of LSA found to have a significant relationship with PASE scores and SF-36 subscores. A very strong positive correlation found between the total score of LSA and PASE (r = 0.896). Similarly, a very strong correlation observed between SF-36's subscore physical function, and LSA composite score (r = 0.841). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the Turkish version of LSA has strong measurement features and that the LSA is a sensitive tool for assessing the life domains of elderly individuals related to their general health and physical activity level. Therefore, the Turkish version of the LSA could be used as a reliable and valid scale in research and practice areas related to elderly people.

Measuring the Physical Activity of Seniors before and during COVID-19 Restrictions in the Czech Republic.

Social workers require a better understanding of the impact of pandemic measures on the level of physical activity of their clients to better target client activation. In this retrospective tracker-based study (two years of measurement), we examined changes in the physical activity of the elderly population (204 participants with an average age of 84.5 years) in the Czech Republic as a result of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Physical activity was statistically compared according to the physical, demographic and social conditions of the participants. In addition to observing the expected activity decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic, we made several hypotheses based on the sex, age group, body mass index, type of housing (apartment or house) and size of the city of residence. We found that 33% of the 204 participants had increased levels of physical activity in the period following the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Central Europe. We found that the size of the city where the seniors lived and the type of housing did not affect the general level of physical activity. When comparing physical acquisition rates in each month of 2019 and 2020, we saw the largest declines in April and May 2020, that is, one month after the start of the lockdown.

In It for the Long Haul: RE-AIM Evaluation of a Preschool Programme Implementing and Maintaining Adult-Initiated Motor Skill Development and Physical Activity across a Two-Year Period.

Good motor skills (MS) are considered important for children’s social, psychological and physical development and general physical activity (PA) levels. The Motor skill in Preschool study (MiPS) aimed to optimize children’s MS through weekly PA sessions. The aim of this study is to use the RE-AIM framework to report the two-year implementation process of MiPS since the programme’s initiation. Data were collected through a staff questionnaire based on the RE-AIM framework. Data were collected at three months, one year and two years after initiation. Results show that the pedagogical staff believes that the programme promotes MS in children. Implementation measures only showed medium to low fidelity concerning the core element of performing adult-initiated PA sessions with a duration of at least 45 min 4 days a week. The largest barrier was finding the time to plan these PA sessions. Still, the content of the PA sessions achieved high fidelity scores and the programme was deemed suitable for staff’s everyday practice and in alignment with the stated pedagogical goals. The mandatory competence development course was highly valued as strong implementation support. It is notable that there is a large variation in the implementation among the preschools with some struggling more than others.

Evaluation of entheseal changes in a modern identified skeletal collection from Inden (Germany)

AbstractThe present study aims to evaluate the frequency of entheseal changes (EC) in a modern skeletal collection from the rural village of Inden, Germany (late 19th–early 20th century), in order to identify general levels of physical activity. The sample is comprised of 66 individuals (51 males and 15 females), whose data on sex, age, and occupation were retrieved from church records. Fourteen fibrous and nineteen fibrocartilaginous entheses of upper and lower limbs were scored in a blind test using two different methods. Grades were converted into binary data, and frequencies of EC were analyzed in each enthesis and in functional complexes by applying a Fisher exact test and a logistic regression. Results showed a higher prevalence for more entheses among female individuals. This does not agree with previous research, but it could be related to the small sample size in this study. More statistically, significant values were found for the relationship between EC and age, which was the main predictor for the presence of EC. However, the percentage of variability that it is explained by age is lower than that found by other studies of European identified collections. This would suggest an interaction with other variables. Regarding occupation, data did not show any clear pattern for the upper limb, whereas for the lower limb, higher frequencies were found for non‐manual workers. Significant values were only found for EC in two entheses of the forearm within the group of manual workers, and one of the feet for non‐manual workers. As with other identified collections, this study was unable to identify distinctive patterns of EC among occupations. This may be due to a combination of different physical activities engaged in or as a result of change of occupation during an individual's lifetime.

Physical activity modifies the association between prenatal perfluorooctanoic acid exposure and adolescent cardiometabolic risk

BACKGROUND AND AIM: No studies have examined whether previously observed associations between higher gestational PFAS exposure and worse offspring cardiometabolic outcomes might be ameliorated through more physical activity and healthier diet in childhood. METHODS: In 164 mother-child pairs from a prospective cohort in Cincinnati, OH (HOME Study), we measured concentrations of four PFAS in maternal serum collected at 16-weeks gestation. When children were age 12 years, we assessed visceral adiposity using dual x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and fasting serum biomarkers. Using these variables, we calculated age/sex-standardized cardiometabolic risk z-scores. At this same visit, we assessed general physical activity levels and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores using the Physical Activity Questionnaire and three 24-hour diet recalls, respectively. We determined whether covariate-adjusted associations of PFAS with cardiometabolic risk z-scores and its components were modified by physical activity or HEI using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS:Physical activity modified the association between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and cardiometabolic risk z-scores (interaction p-value0.01). Each doubling of PFOA was associated with worse cardiometabolic risk z-scores among children with physical activity levels below the median (β:1.2; 95%CI:0.4, 2.0, n=80), but not among those with physical activity levels greater than the median (β:-0.3; 95%CI:-1.1, 0.6, n=84). Adverse associations among children with lower physical activity were most apparent for insulin resistance, adiponectin-leptin ratio, and visceral fat area (interaction p-values=0.01-0.06), but not triglyceride-high density lipoprotein ratio or systolic blood pressure (interaction p-values=0.41-0.65). The pattern of modification by physical activity was similar, but not statistically significant, for perfluorosulfonic acid and perfluorononanoic acid (interaction p-values=0.44 and 0.23). Diet quality (HEI scores vs. 50) did not modify any associations (interaction p-values0.28). CONCLUSIONS:Childhood physical activity modified the association between gestational PFOA concentrations and cardiometabolic risk among adolescents in this cohort, suggesting that behavioral and lifestyle interventions may be an avenue to ameliorate the adverse effects of PFOA exposure. . KEYWORDS: PFAS, Endocrine disrupting chemicals, Children's environmental health, Obesity and metabolic disorders

Effect of chronotype on diet and sleep quality in healthy female students: night lark versus early bird

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of chronotype on diet and sleep quality in healthy female students. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted in 197 healthy female students and were grouped in morning, intermediate and evening types according to the Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Assessment included sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); physical activity level using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF); dietary intake using the 24-h dietary recall; and diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Findings In this study, no significant difference was found between chronotypes in terms of general nutritional habits, age, smoking status, anthropometric measurements and physical activity levels. However, evening-type individuals had poor sleep quality (p = 0.040) and having issues about sleep latency (p = 0.049) and daytime dysfunction (p = 0.044), and they had had lower intake of whole fruit (p = 0.002), total fruit (p = 0.024) and higher consumption of refined grains (p &lt; 0.001). Although, among chronotypes, there is no difference in the intake of protein, saturated fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber, evening-type individuals’ daily energy (p = 0.013), fat (p = 0.021) and carbohydrate intake (p = 0.033) were higher. Originality/value In conclusion, further research is required to understand the relationship between chronotype, diet and sleep quality. This study is one of the limited studies that examines sleep quality, daily energy and macronutrient intake and diet quality together for healthy women.

Sociodemographic Determinants of Physical Inactivity of People Aged 60 Years and Older: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland.

Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate general physical activity (PA) level on the basis of leisure time and transportation physical activity (LTPA and TPA), assess the percentage of persons not meeting PA recommendations by the World Health Organisation (WHO), and evaluate the relationship between selected sociodemographic factors and physical inactivity. Methods The paper is based on data (n = 7,347) retrieved from five large-scale surveys (2014-2018) used to collect information on the PA of Polish society. In order to meet the aim of the paper, we selected a sample of 2,023 Poles aged ≥ 60 years old. In each wave, the Polish long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used. Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to investigate the differences between the types and volume of PA and sociodemographic variables. Relationships between physical inactivity and analysed variables were evaluated using log-linear analysis. To capture relationships between physical inactivity and a set of explanatory variables, a predictive model was built. Results The total average energy expenditure amounted to 1879.5 ± 2352.5 MET-min/week, including LTPA (938.5 ± 1491.9 MET-min/week) and TPA (944.8 ± 1322.4 MET-min/week). Over the course of the last two years of the study, the average value of MET-min/week increased significantly (p < 0.05); however, prohealth WHO norms are not met by nearly 40% of Poles. Sex determines the volume of LTPA and TPA (p < 0.05) but does not determine the inactivity of seniors. Place of residence and education differentiate participation in LTPA and TPA. The lower the education level and the smaller the place of residence, the greater the inactivity. Conclusions The target for future interventions should be people aged 60+ living in villages and small towns (especially those with primary education). It is necessary to undertake educational and motivational programmes promoting PA. It is essential to develop detailed recommendations and to create a friendly and supportive environment.

Neuroprosthetic Technology «Bioness» (Exorobot) in the Process of Restoring Motor and Vegetative-Trophic Disorders in Central Paresis of the Upper Limb

Disability after a stroke or brain injury is most often associated with impaired movement, speech, swallowing, and reduced cognitive abilities. By the end of the acute period of stroke, paresis in the arm and leg of varying degrees is observed in 80-90 % of survivors.In case of severe paresis, it is advisable to support the function of the limb at the early stages of recovery using modern specialized modifiable devices and methods that provide functional and multimodal stimulation and partial prosthetics. Aim of the study: evaluation of the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation (FES) in a complex of multimodal effects in restoring movement in Stroke patients with upper limb paresis (palcy).Methods. Stimulation and neuroprosthetic methods (FES - “Bioness H200”, RTMs) were used as the main therapeutic program of rehabilitation treatment for patients with motor disorders of the upper limb after an ischemic stroke (n=140). The median period of stroke was 25 [13; 56] days, median age 52 [48; 69] years. The standard methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients with stroke in accordance to the protocol of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation No. 928 n and 1705 n (2012) were used, as well as scales and questionnaires for assessing the loss of strength and volume of motor disorders, assessing depression and motivation for treatment (Motricity Index), Fugl-Meyer AR, Medical Research Council Weakness Scale, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Beck Depression Inventory; Beck At, Recovery Locus of Control, Patridge C., Johnstone M. Results. The effectiveness of personalized therapy with the use of a neuroprosthesis (“Bioness H200”) in patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke was shown, with the Motrisight index, Fugle-Meier scale being the most sensitive scales. the results depend on thebasic disease characteristics, the most relevant of which were - focus, degree of neurological deficit, personal motivation. The addition using of botulinum toxin allowed eliminating the inhibitory effect of spasticity, which prepared patients for intensive methods of physical rehabilitation. During the follow-up period, no complications were revealed. In 90% of cases, an increase in daily activity was noted. Functional electrical stimulation has significantly increased their level of self-care. The disability complex was initially equally pronounced in all patients, but positive reinforcement in the form of movement of the paretic hand against the background of FES led to a decrease in the severity of depression. In 100%, there was a high motivation to continue the treatment program with neuroprosthetics. Conclusion. The use of a complex of stimulating personalized techniques in the acute period of stroke is justified and safe. The useof FES significantly increases the range of motion in the hand, helps to overcome power paresis, coordination disorders, increases the general level of physical activity of patients after a stroke, motivation for the recovery process and improves the quality of life.

Effect of a Supervised Peridialytic Exercise Program on Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated with maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) have alarmingly high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Nitric oxide (NO) is the principal endogenous antiatherosclerotic molecule. Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous NO synthase inhibitor, was strongly implicated in endothelial dysfunction, premature atherosclerosis, vascular events, and mortality. Regular physical exercise effectively decreased serum ADMA in several patient cohorts, but this potential benefit has not been specifically explored among MHD patients. Forty-four middle-aged ESRD patients treated with thrice-weekly MHD for ≥6 months completed a 6-months regimen of peridialytic lower limb exercise comprising predialytic 10–12 stretching cycles and 20–30 minutes of intradialytic pedaling cycles. Before and after the study, predialytic haemoglobin, serum ADMA, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Dialysis adequacy was assessed by single-pool Kt/V. The average total physical activity (PA) level was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). P values <0.05 denoted a statistical significance. The overall level of PA, on both categorical and continuous scales, has significantly increased after application of the exercise program. However, S. ADMA increased from a median of 2375 to 3000 ng/mL (P=0.016). Thirty-one patients sustained an increase in S. ADMA (ADMA_Inc), whereas 13 patients had a declining or stable S. ADMA (ADMA_Dec). Compared with ADMA_Inc, ADMA_Dec patients had significantly higher Kt/V (P=0.02), higher grade of the basal general PA level (P=0.017), and significantly fewer intradialytic hypotension episodes (IDHs) (P=0.019). The increase in the S. ADMA and the poststudy S. ADMA level had statistically significant positive correlations with the number of IDHs (r = 0.401, P=0.007 and r = 0.305, P=0.044, respectively). A 6-month program of combined aerobic and resistance peridialytic exercise failed to reduce S. ADMA in most MHD patients studied. A modest S. ADMA decline, however, occurred in patients with higher basal PA levels, higher Kt/V, and less IDHs. A potential exercise benefit may be promoted by a multidisciplinary approach targeting increased PA, improved dialysis efficiency, and prevention of IDHs.

Relationship between Physical Activity and Blood Lipid Profile in Residents of Yazd City (YaHS Study)

Introduction: Inadequate physical activity is one of the causes of fat disorders and regular physical activity is one of the important factors in correcting fat disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity levels and blood lipids as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.&#x0D; Methods: This analytical cross sectional study was conducted using the information of the registration phase of the Yazd People's Health Study on 9962 residents of Yazd in the age group of 20 to 70 years between 2014 and 2015. Study data were obtained using standard questionnaires and participants' blood samples. SPSS software, version 21, t-test, linear regression, and OR comparison of fat disorders were used in the physical activity intensity classes.&#x0D; Results: In the study sample, 49.4% are men. No statistical significant physical activity level was found in the study of the ratio of chance of fat disorder. Moreover, no significant relationship was observed in the study of the linear relationship between the general level of physical activity and fat profile components (p&gt; 0.05). It should be noted that a significant statistical relationship was observed between the level of TC or blood total cholesterol and blood triglycerides with sex, body mass index and family history and some age groups. (p &lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: In the analysis of the data of this study, no significant statistical relationship was found between blood lipid levels and physical activity.

Integration of Physical Activity in Reablement for Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Scoping Review.

BackgroundReablement is a rehabilitative intervention provided to homecare receivers with the aim of improving function and independence. There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of reablement, and the content of these interventions is variable. Physical activity (PA) is known to be important for improving and maintaining function among older adults, but it is unclear how PA is integrated in reablement.PurposeTo map existing evidence of how PA strategies are integrated and explored in studies of reablement for community dwelling older adults and to identify knowledge gaps.MethodsAn a priori protocol was published. Studies of time-limited, interdisciplinary reablement for community-dwelling older adults were considered for inclusion. Eight databases were searched for studies published between 1996 and June 2020, in addition to reference and citation searches. Study selection and data extraction were made independently by two reviewers.ResultsFifty-one studies were included. Exercise strategies and practice of daily activities were included in the majority of intervention studies, but, in most cases, little information was provided about the intensity of PA. Interventions aiming to increase general PA levels or reduce sedentary behavior were rarely described. None of the studies explored older adults’, healthcare providers’ or family members’ experiences with PA in a reablement setting, but some of the studies touched upon themes related to PA experiences. Some studies reported outcomes of physical fitness, including mobility, strength, and balance, but there was insufficient evidence for any synthesis of these results. None of the studies reported PA levels among older adults receiving reablement.ConclusionThere is limited evidence of how PA is integrated and targeted to older adults’ individual needs and preferences in a reablement setting. The feasibility and effectiveness of PA interventions, as well as experiences or barriers related to PA in a reablement setting, should be further investigated.

Associação entre diferentes domínios da atividade física e a dor lombar inespecífica em adolescentes

This study aimed to analyze the associations between different domains of physical activity (PA) and nonspecific low back pain in adolescents. A school-based study with adolescents randomly selected from a city in the south Brazil. Analyzed variables were nonspecific low back pain, different domains of PA (commuting to school, participation on physical education classes, participation on classes of sports teams, and the general physical activity level), sex, age, socioeconomic status and living area. 1,455 adolescents (50.9% female) with a mean age of 13.5 (± 2.02) years participated of the study. Low back pain prevalence was 16.1% (95% CI: 14.2-17.9). The non-participation in physical education classes was the only domain of PA to be associated with the presence of low back pain (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.48-3.47). Non-participation in Physical Education classes increases the chance of adolescents presenting nonspecific low back pain.

Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and body composition in people with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundExercise may improve cardiorespiratory fitness in people with schizophrenia, however, possible condition-specific cardiorespiratory disadvantages, a scarcity of methodologically sound studies, and conflicting results raise questions about the effect of exercise on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in this group. The primary aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training on VO2max in people with schizophrenia. Second, we sought to determine whether the intervention would have an effect on general physical activity (PA) level and body composition.MethodsEighty-two patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to supervised high-intensity interval training or computer gaming skills training, performed twice a week for 12 weeks. Oxygen uptake was measured directly, during a maximum exercise session on a treadmill. PA level were assessed using ActiGraph accelerometer, and body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Differences between groups were assessed by analysis of variance using a univariate general linear model.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the groups on any of the cardiorespiratory variables neither at baseline nor after the program. There were also no significant within-group differences in any of the cardiorespiratory fitness variables between the baseline and post-program time points, despite that 61% of the participants performing high-intensity interval training showed a significant increase in workload on the treadmill. However, 47% of the participants in the high-intensity interval training group had a ≥ 5% increase in VO2max. Participants supervised by mental health care providers with PA competence (e.g. rehabilitation center staff, sport scientist, physical trainer) had a much larger increase in VO2max compared to participants supervised by mental health workers without such competence, and when adding PA competence to the model, the intervention group increased VO2max significantly compared to the comparison group. The intervention had no significant effect on PA level or body composition.ConclusionsThe intervention did not improve VO2max, PA level or body composition but succeeded in increasing workload on the treadmill. With regard to VO2max, approximately half of the patients may be considered responders.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02205684, registered July 2014,

Objectively Measured Physical Activity And Sedentary Time In Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder

PURPOSE: Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are purportedly inactive, but this conclusion is inferred from data on children and youth, and parent proxy reports. Objective assessment using activity monitors is needed to better understand physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in this population segment. The purpose of this study was to examine the general levels of PA and sedentary time in adults with ASD using accelerometry. METHODS: Eleven adults aged 18-55 (6 females; mean = 31.9, SD = 12.5) and diagnosed with ASD were included in the study. Participants wore a GT3X+ accelerometer on their right hip for 7 days during waking hours except water-based activities, and accelerometers were programmed to collect data in 60-second epochs. ≥ 10 hours of device wear was defined as a valid day and ≥ 3 valid days was required for each participant to be included in the analyses. Activity intensities were determined using the following cutoffs (counts/min): sedentary <100, low 100-499, light 500-2019, moderate 2020-5999, and vigorous >5999 (Tudor-Locke et al., 2010), and non-wear period was determined by a minimum length of 90 min of consecutive 0-counts by Choi algorithm (Choi et al., 2011). Descriptive statistics were calculated for moderate to vigorous PA, light- and low-intensity PA, sedentary time, and walking steps. RESULTS: The average total monitored length was 761.5 min/day (SD = 76.4). Results of the PA measures are as follows: moderate to vigorous PA - 42.8 min/day (SD = 30.5); light PA - 109.9 min/day (SD = 32.4); low PA - 97.9 min/day (SD = 33.9); and sedentary time - 511 min/day (SD = 84.6). The daily average percentage of time spent in moderate to vigorous PA was 5.8% (SD = 4.4), and the average step counts were 3799.7 steps/day (SD = 2953.9). 81.8% of the participants met the recommended PA guidelines of 150 min of moderate to vigorous PA per week. CONCLUSION: Although the majority of adults with ASD in this study met the PA guidelines, they were also extremely sedentary. More research is needed to determine if sedentary time, rather than PA, should be targeted to improve preventive health in adults with ASD.